Kebbi's report disagrees with its own table about the size of the cut
Section 1.A says agriculture was cut by . Table 4 shows the ministry fell from to . The gap is .
Kebbi State · Ministry of Agriculture · 2025
For every ₦100 Kebbi set aside for agriculture, was spent.
Nobody has yet checked how much of that reached a farm. ABX Foundation follows agriculture money in Nigerian states from the budget line to the field, so that a budget stays a promise someone has to keep.
Every dotted figure is a receipt. Tap it to see the document, the page, the exact words and the arithmetic.
Follow ₦100 of Kebbi's agriculture budget
1 coin = ₦1spentbudgeted, not spentcut during the yearnot published or not verified
Stage 1 of 5
Allocated, all statesof combined 2026 state and FCT budgets go to agriculture. The Kampala commitment is of spending.
Capital actually spentaverage state implementation of agriculture capital budgets, 2023 to 2025.
Very low performersstates recorded very low agriculture capital spending in 2025.
Reports publishedstates publish a quarterly budget report. The data exists. Nobody reads the agriculture lines systematically.
The leak map
A budget is approved once. It can fail in four places after that.
Most advocacy stops when the budget is passed. That is when governments find it easiest to agree, and easiest to quietly undo during the year. Tap each stage to see who controls it, which document shows it, and the question to ask.
Three pilot states
Two states that publish, one that mostly does not
Kebbi and Kaduna share first place on BudgIT's Q2 2026 fiscal transparency league. Nasarawa is 35th of 36. Comparing them shows what transparency does, and does not, tell you about whether money arrives.
Where Kebbi's 21% sits
Share of each unit's revised 2025 budget that was spent. Dashed line: whole state, .
Almost the whole ministry budget sits on the headquarters line, and that line spent . The small agencies spent more, of much smaller sums.
Citizens' Budget ✓Quarterly report ✓e-Procurement ✓Fiscal data site ✓
Kebbi moved from 11th to joint first on BudgIT's league between Q1 and Q2 2026 ().
The ministry's budget was cut by , or of the original. The report's own text puts the cut at . Whole-state spending reached , with capital at and recurrent at .
Not in the report: releases. ABX has also not yet read the capital-only tables. Both are needed before Kebbi can be scored.
The allocation grew. Whether it was spent is the open question.
Kaduna agriculture allocation, ₦ billion, one scale. Sources differ in scope; see the note.
The 2026 amount is of the state budget, with going to capital projects, including on the headquarters line. KADA, the extension agency, gets .
Citizens' Budget ✓Quarterly report ✓e-Procurement ✓Fiscal data site ✓
BudgIT gives Kaduna , including a Citizens' Budget in local languages.
Definitions matter. The Commissioner gives the ministry's 2025 share as and says agriculture across all ministries is . ABX reports both, labelled by scope.
The 2023 figure () is a Commissioner's statement; the Governor gives . Neither has been checked against the 2023 budget, so ABX does not yet state a growth multiple. The only recent execution figure is whole-budget: at half-year 2025.
What a resident can find
BudgIT's four disclosure tests, Q2 2026. Nasarawa scores .
Citizens' Budget ✗Quarterly report ✓e-Procurement: no 2026 contractsFiscal data site: partial
Only states lack a Citizens' Budget: Nasarawa and Rivers. Because there is none, the agriculture figure below reached ABX through a press report of the governor's speech, not a document a resident could find.
The governor presented a appropriation bill for 2026. It gave Agriculture and Water Resources , reported as . Water is included, so this is not like-for-like with Kebbi or Kaduna.
In the state's pre-budget consultation, residents asked for of the budget to go to agriculture. Farmers are asking. The record of whether they are answered does not exist yet.
Not yet read: the agriculture lines of Nasarawa's quarterly reports, and the passed budget.
Against the Kampala 10%
Kebbi looks like a leader on paper, and spends like a laggard
The Kampala CAADP Declaration commits governments to at least 10% of annual public expenditure on agrifood systems. Allocation alone flatters states that budget big and spend small.
approved or proposedrevisedactually spentKampala 10%
Read across with care. Kebbi is measured on its 2025 report and the ministry line only. Kaduna and Nasarawa are 2026 budget documents, and Nasarawa includes water. Kampala covers whole agrifood systems, wider than one ministry.
What ABX can score today
Even the best-disclosing state cannot be scored yet
The ABX Budget Execution Index has five parts. If two or more are missing, a state is "not assessable" and the missing documents are named. No score is guessed.
read from a documentpartly read or a proxynot publishednot yet assessed
Draft findings
What the documents already show
Each finding goes to the state for a 21-day right of reply before formal publication. The question is always why the money did not reach farmers, not who took it.
Kebbi's agriculture ministry spends at half the state's pace
The ministry spent of its revised budget. The state as a whole spent . Agora Policy independently puts Kebbi's 2025 implementation at .
Kebbi revised its agriculture budget down by 40%
A budget credibility deviation means the original allocation was a weak guide to what the state intended to spend.
Almost none of Kebbi's agriculture spending appears in the last quarter
The parent line records in Q4, which is of the year's spending, in the months after harvest when dry-season inputs are bought.
No release data, so the real bottleneck is hidden
Without releases, nobody can tell whether the treasury held money back or the ministry could not spend what it got. Stakeholders name as a major cause.
Nasarawa cannot be read by a resident
No Citizens' Budget, no 2026 contracts on the procurement portal and uneven access to ministry pages ().
Take action
Evidence only matters if someone uses it, at the right moment
The same finding is worth far more six weeks before a budget defence than at a launch event. These tools are for the people who can turn ABX evidence into pressure.
Farmer groups
Plain-language scorecards, and a role in checking projects in your own communities.
Women farmers' networks
Evidence on whether extension and input programmes, where women farmers depend most on public support, are funded.
Journalists
Every figure arrives with its receipt, ready to cite and check.
State lawmakers
Pre-budget-defence packs for agriculture and appropriation committees, timed to your calendar.
Development partners
Counterpart-funding compliance and verified delivery data before you co-finance a state programme.
The budget calendar: when pressure works
A typical Nigerian state budget year. Exact dates vary by state; ABX will publish each state's real calendar. The current month is outlined. Tap any month.
executive stageHouse of Assembly stagequarterly report due
Ask your state: build an information request
Verified delivery
Four tests. Pass all four or it does not count.
Spending is not delivery. Trained members of farmer organisations visit a random sample of each state's capital projects. Try the standard on the examples below. These are illustrations, not findings.
Method
How a number earns a place here
The full method is in the ABX Methodology Paper, published before any ranking and open for peer review. Anyone should be able to reproduce an ABX figure from the same public documents.
1
Capture
Record the document, page, and exact words or row. Nothing typed from memory.
2
Classify
Mark each figure reported or derived, and grade each state-year from A (audited) to E (unavailable).
3
Derive
Show the formula and inputs for every computed figure. Missing data is named, never estimated.
4
Reply
Send findings to the state 21 days before publishing. Publish the reply, or the silence.
Test the index yourself
Weights are a judgement. ABX publishes how rankings move when the weights change, so no state's rank rests on a hidden choice. Move the sliders. The three states are invented examples built to show the trade-offs.
Indicator table, three pilot states
| Indicator | Kebbi | Kaduna | Nasarawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allocation shareAgriculture budget ÷ total budget | originalrevised (scored) | 2026 approved | 2026 proposal, includes water |
| Expenditure shareAgriculture spent ÷ total spent: the Kampala test | Not yet read | Not yet read | |
| Execution rateSpent ÷ revised budget | all spending types | Not yet read | Not yet read |
| Budget credibility deviation|Revised − original| ÷ original | Not yet read | Not yet read | |
| Release rateReleased ÷ revised budget | Not published | Not yet assessed | Not yet assessed |
| Verified delivery rateProjects passing all four tests ÷ sampled | No field visit yet | No field visit yet | No field visit yet |
| Quality gradeA audited · C report only · D reconstructed · E unavailable | C | D for allocation; E for execution, because the work is not yet done | D; E for execution |
Report clock
Third-quarter reports are due on 30 October
A quarterly budget report counts as on time if it is published within 30 days of quarter end. ABX logs when each state publishes, because late reports make in-year oversight impossible.
Q3 2026 reports due 30 Oct 2026—days left
KebbiLast report read: Q4 2025. Q3 2026 not yet logged.Watching
KadunaLatest reported: half-year 2025. None read in full.Watching
NasarawaBudgIT confirms a report exists. None read in full.Watching
An illustration of the live tracker. ABX has not yet checked any state's Q3 2026 report.
Partner with ABX
From three readable states to a national index
ABX is looking for three partners: an institution to peer-review the method, a farmer organisation with multi-state reach to co-lead field verification, and an anchor funder or fiscal sponsor for a 12-month pilot.
01Read
Extract every agriculture line from each pilot state's budgets and quarterly reports for 2023 to 2026, and replace press-sourced figures with the documents themselves.
02Ask
File information requests for releases and capital project detail, and publish each reply, or silence, beside the numbers it affects.
03Verify
With farmer organisation partners, visit a random sample of each state's capital agriculture projects and record whether they pass all four tests.
What this site already does
- Built only from published documents, each linked with page and quote.
- Shows what is missing, including in the best-disclosing state.
- Ready to add states. Rivers is the purest low-disclosure case (); Nasarawa was chosen because its report can be read.
What it does not show yet
- An index score for any state. None can be computed yet.
- A finding a state has answered. Right of reply has not started.
- Any record of releases or field delivery. Neither has been collected.
Sources
Everything cited, with links
Each source was opened on . Transparency scores are BudgIT's, reproduced unchanged under its CC BY-ND 3.0 licence.
Budgets should not stop at appropriation.
ABX Foundation is an independent Nigerian civic organisation that tracks what states actually spend on agriculture, and what that spending delivers to smallholder farmers. We turn public budget documents into evidence that farmers, lawmakers, journalists and partners can use to make sure promised money reaches the farm.
Why ABX exists
Nigeria measures promises. Nobody measures delivery.
Each year Nigeria's 36 states and the FCT pass agriculture budgets, and civil society measures those allocations well. The larger loss happens later: money cut mid-year, releases that never come, capital votes that lapse, counterpart funds that are never paid, and projects that are awarded but never checked.
Nigeria launched its 10-Year Agrifood System Strategy in July 2026 under the Kampala CAADP Declaration. Its success depends on states, and no public tool tells you whether states spend what they promise. ABX exists to build that tool and make non-delivery visible.
Mission
To make subnational agriculture spending in Nigeria measurable, comparable and consequential.
ABX aims to be the agriculture-spending equivalent of a ratings agency for states: a standing dataset, a published method, an annual index, and a constituency of farmers and oversight bodies that uses all three.
Mandate
Four jobs, and no others
Measure
Track agriculture budgets through four values: appropriated, revised, released and spent, for every state, every quarter.
Verify
Check a random sample of capital projects on the ground with farmer organisation partners: exists, complete, working, in use.
Publish
Release every figure in open, machine-readable form, with its source document and an annual ABX Budget Execution Index.
Equip
Put the evidence in the hands of farmers, women's networks, lawmakers and media, in plain language and local languages, at the moment it can change a budget.
How change happens
Three ways to apply pressure, because one is not enough
Rankings move the top third of states, which already care about their reputation. ABX also works through oversight institutions and through the farmers who bear the cost.
Competitive
Governors and commissioners
An annual index and zonal league tables so states compete on delivery as a mark of good governance.
Institutional
Houses of Assembly and Auditors-General
Evidence packs delivered before each state's budget defence, so execution becomes a standing oversight question.
Constituency
Farmers, cooperatives and media
Scorecards, radio and vernacular formats, and a role in verification, so farmers can notice and contest non-delivery themselves.
Principles and independence
How ABX keeps its credibility
Delivery, not accusationThe question is why appropriated money did not reach farmers. That keeps the door open to the officials whose decisions we want to change.
Method before findingsThe methodology is published, peer-reviewed and versioned before the first index is released.
Open by defaultEvery figure is published with its source document, in machine-readable form. We expect to be checked.
Right of replyEvery state sees its figures at least 21 days before publication, with a named contact for corrections.
No money from the rankedABX accepts no consultancy or service income from any state government, ministry, agency or contractor it assesses.
Declared interestsA public register of trustee interests, an annual conflicts declaration, and recusal from any state where a trustee holds an interest.
10+ yrshumanitarian and development leadership in Nigeria since 2015
20,000+smallholder farmers reached by a climate-smart agriculture programme under Adani's oversight
US$30M+13-award emergency portfolio whose operations Adani supported in Northeast Nigeria
3agencies in a UK government-funded monitoring consortium Adani led to a fully compliant close-out
Founder
Adani Abdallah, PMP
Founder and Convener, ABX Foundation · Abuja
I came to agriculture almost by accident. In the field in Northwest Nigeria, I saw how much smallholder farmers carry, and how they keep going with little support, finance or infrastructure. I wanted to know where the problem really was. The answer kept pointing back to the budget: money announced and appropriated, but not arriving at the farm.
Adani Abdallah
Adani is an accountant by training who has spent more than a decade managing money, programmes and partnerships in some of Nigeria's hardest places to work. That combination is the core of ABX: someone who can read a state budget line by line, and who has also stood in the communities where the money is supposed to arrive.
In 2015, at the height of the Northeast crisis, Adani was among the pioneer staff who set up a major international emergency response in Maiduguri. Adani began as its finance lead, building and reforecasting a budget funded by several donors, then moved into operations coordination, supporting the operations of a 13-award portfolio worth more than US$30 million in nutrition, child protection, water and sanitation, and economic recovery, alongside the programme managers who led each award.
Adani then ran country-level finance, logistics, procurement and security operations in the Lake Chad Basin, and headed a field office in Maiduguri. Along the way Adani led the project, and was part of the team, that co-created a multilingual chatbot letting crisis-affected communities talk back in English, Hausa and Kanuri. Adani went on to lead a three-agency consortium that independently monitored large food, nutrition and resilience programmes across Borno, Adamawa and Yobe for the UK government, and took the grant through to close-out with a clean compliance record.
Most recently Adani directed a multi-donor portfolio in climate-smart agriculture and the circular economy across five states, including Kaduna and Nasarawa. Its agriculture programme reached more than 20,000 smallholder farmers on almost 8,000 hectares. Working with those farmers, and seeing how rarely budgeted public support for extension, inputs and infrastructure arrived on time, led directly to ABX.
Adani holds a BSc in Accounting from the University of Abuja and an MA in International Affairs and Diplomacy from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and is a certified Project Management Professional (PMP) and PMD Pro. Adani speaks English and Hausa fluently, and some French.
What Adani brings to ABX
Accountant and budget-vs-actual managerReads a Budget Implementation Report the way a finance lead reads a ledgerYears of variance analysis, forecasting and audit-ready reporting on grants from major bilateral and multilateral donors.
Independent monitoring leadHas run third-party verification at scaleLed a consortium that independently checked whether large humanitarian programmes delivered what they promised, the same discipline ABX applies to state agriculture projects.
Agriculture programme directorKnows what farmers need the state to deliver20,000+ smallholders across 10 LGAs, with gender and nutrition built into the programme design.
Hausa speaker and community-feedback innovatorCan bring the evidence back to farmers in their own languageLed the project, as part of the co-creating team, for a multilingual chatbot enabling two-way communication with hard-to-reach communities.
Career path
2015 – 2018Emergency finance lead, Northeast emergency response, MaiduguriPioneer staff; built and reforecast the multi-donor response budget.
2018 – 2021Humanitarian programme operations coordinatorSupported operations for a 13-award, US$30M+ portfolio across Borno LGAs.
2021 – 2023Country operations manager, then head of field officeFinance, HR, logistics, procurement and security; led the project, as part of the co-creating team, for a multilingual community chatbot.
2023 – 2025Consortium lead, independent third-party monitoringThree agencies, three states, and a fully compliant close-out of a UK government grant.
2025MA International Affairs and Diplomacy, ABU Zaria · PMP certified
2025 – 2026Senior programme coordinator, climate-smart agriculture and circular economyMulti-donor portfolio across five states; 20,000+ smallholder farmers.
2026Founds ABX FoundationConcept note and Methodology Paper published for consultation; first pilot covers Kebbi, Kaduna and Nasarawa.
Declared interest. Until February 2026 Adani managed agriculture programmes that operated in Kaduna and Nasarawa, two of ABX's three pilot states. This is a past role, not a current interest. It is declared here so readers can judge it for themselves, and it will appear in ABX's public register of interests.
Get involved
Work with ABX
ABX is in its founding year. We want to hear from public finance and agricultural economics specialists willing to review the method, from farmer organisations interested in field verification, from journalists and state lawmakers who want the evidence, and from funders or institutions that could host the first pilot.
ABX is being registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission as Incorporated Trustees under Part F of the Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020. Until registration is complete, it operates as a civic initiative led by its founder.